Abstract: This Research Full Paper presents a systematic review on knowledge tracing of learning programming based on student performance data in exercises. Programming has become an essential skill ...

Abstract: In traditional binary classification tasks, learning algorithms conventionally distinguish positive and negative samples by leveraging fully labeled training data. However, in practical ...

For decades, learning to program has been rooted in the process conception of knowledge. Students learned by doing: by writing code, compiling, fixing syntax errors, and gradually developing fluency ...